Cervical Spine Injuries, Fractures and Whiplash - Uncovertebral Injuries

Multiple–level uncovertebral injuries between C2 and C5. At autopsy a rupture of the brain stem was found. The ligamentum flavum is ruptured at both C2–C3 and C3–C4. The anterior epidural space is partly filled with the embedding medium. Wide venous sinusoid spaces surround the root sleeves. Note that the C3 root is avulsed and displaced anteriorly and inferiorly. In addition, multiple–level facet joint injuries and posterior annulus fibrosus avulsions and a large disc herniation and several ligamentum flavum ruptures were found in this specimen.