Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia with or without Spinal Hemangioma?
History
The patient is a 17-year-old female who presented with upper back pain.
Examination
The patient's age corresponds to her height, development, and menstrual cycle. A few café au-lait spots appear on her back and chest. Breast shape and size is asymmetrical. Her body temperature is persistently sub-febrile between 37.1 to 37.2-degrees Celsius (98.78-98.96-degrees Fahrenheit). No neurological dysfunction.
Prior Treatment
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Images
Plain x-rays revealed no irregularities except subchondral sclerosis of the vertebral endplates.
Diagnosis
Transpedicular biopsy of the lesion at T8 showed monostotic fibrous dysplasia.
Suggest Treatment
Indicate how you would treat this patient by completing the following brief survey. Your response will be added to our survey results below.Selected Treatment
This patient was first clinically observed and was put on NSAIDs with biphosponate therapy. After the confirmatory biopsy, which revealed that the lesion was fibrous dysplasia, we performed lesion extirpation, anterior fusion with cortical bone grafting and posterior stabilization from T-6 to T-10. The patient remained hospitalized 10 days after surgery.
Outcome
On her next follow-up (30 days after discharge), the patient was free of pain and had regained her normal function.
Case Discussion
While the name Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) is rather innocuous sounding, these lesions are typically treated as benign tumors with surgical resection. While there is no consensus for management, this case demonstrates effective pain relief after surgery as reported in similar cases.1-3
FD accounts for 5% of benign bone tumors.4 It is a tumor-like growth of immature, irregular woven bone amidst a fibrous, whirled stroma. The "Chinese letters" or "alphabet soup" appearance of this stroma histologically is pathognomonic.
Most patients present as young people with chronic back pain; a history that suggests a neoplastic process. Some patients may present with neurologic deficit or radiculopathy, typically from fracture/dislocation of the affected vertebrae.
While more common in long bones, such as the femur and tibia, lesions can occur anywhere along the neuroaxis or even in the ribs. Treatments have included all of the treatment options listed, as well as radiotherapy. A gross total excision of the lesion combined with anterior-posterior fixation and fusion should be more than adequate to address this pathology long-term.
References
1. Ould Slimane M, Foulongne E, Derrey S, Fréger P, Proust F. Polyostotic fibrous
dysplasia of the thoracic spine. A case study and review of the literature.
Neurochirurgie. 2009 Dec; 55(6):595-9. Epub 2009 Jul 4.
2. Arazi M, Guney O, Ozdemir M, Uluoglu O, Uzum N. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the thoracic spine: clinopathological description and follow up. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2004 Apr;100(4 Suppl Spine):378-81.
3. Przybylski GJ, Pollack IF, Ward WT. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the thoracic spine. A case report. Spine (Philadelphia, PA 1976). 1996 Apr 1; 21(7):860-5.
4. DiCaprio M. R., Enneking W. F. Fibrous Dysplasia. Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1848-1864.
Community Case Discussion (1 comment)
I believve that selected treatment is very aggressive, considering the benign nature of this lesion. I prefer to observe such case for a while and perhaps do repeated imagings as CT scan and if think the lesion is really causing discomfort for the patient I prefer to do a limitted approach from anterior, and if necessary a limitted anterior fusion without a posterior fusion and instrument.
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