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Professional Medical News from Leading Journals


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05/19/2006
Depressed, Anxious Children More Likely to Be Bullied
Children who are depressed and anxious are more likely to be bullied, and bullied children often develop a range of psychosomatic and psychosocial health problems, according to a study published in the May issue of Pediatrics.

05/19/2006
Sterol Synthesis Important in Growth of Medulloblastomas
The growth of medulloblastoma cells in culture can be blocked by inhibitors of sterol synthesis such as statins, according to a study published online May 17 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

05/19/2006
Genotype May Increase Susceptibility to Prion Disease
An analysis of more than 10,000 tissue samples from appendectomies and tonsillectomies conducted in the United Kingdom suggests that there is another genotype that could make people prone to developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), according to a report in the May 20 issue of BMJ. The findings indicate that there might be subclinical cases of the disease, who might potentially spread the disease via blood donations, an editorial suggests.

05/19/2006
Maternal Stress Linked to Child Development
Contrary to popular wisdom, maternal anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy at mild-to-moderate levels may aid rather than hinder fetal maturation, according to a study published in the May/June issue of Child Development.

05/18/2006
Anti-TNF Antibody Therapy May Boost Infection, Cancer Risk
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibody therapy increases the risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and there is a dose-dependent increase in risk of malignancies, according to a study published in the May 17 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

05/18/2006
Overactive Bladder Differs in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
The urodynamics of bladder dysfunction differ in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity, according to a report in the May issue of Urology. Women with multiple sclerosis have overactive bladder contractions of a greater amplitude than other patients, which has a high predictive value in identifying multiple sclerosis, the authors say.

05/17/2006
Benznidazole May Be Effective for Chronic Chagas Disease
Benznidazole is more effective than no treatment for chronic Chagas disease in patients without heart failure, according to a study published in the May 16 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

05/16/2006
Fluoxetine Spurs Neuron Growth in Dentate Gyrus
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (Prozac) may exert its antidepressive effects by targeting early progenitor cells in the brain during new neuron growth, according to a report published online May 15 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

05/15/2006
Treatment Benefits Children with Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Using pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine to treat children with congenital toxoplasmosis can result in normal cognitive, neurologic and auditory function and no new eye lesions, according to a study in the May 15 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases.

05/15/2006
Leflunomide Does Not Cause Interstitial Lung Disease
Reports that the disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) leflunomide causes interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients appear to be unfounded, according to a study in the May issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism.

05/15/2006
Carcinogens Found in Urine of Infants Exposed to Smokers
Almost half of infants under a year old who are exposed to cigarette smoke in the home or car have detectable levels of a marker of tobacco smoke in their urine, according to a study in the May issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

05/15/2006
Mortality Low After Bariatric Surgery at Academic Centers
A national audit of bariatric surgeries performed at academic centers in the United States suggests that the risk of mortality within 30 days of surgery is less than 1 percent, and many hospitals are performing laparoscopic procedures, according to a report published in the May issue of the Archives of Surgery.

05/12/2006
Surgeons Need to Improve Awareness of Post-Op Pain
Persistent post-operative pain affects between 10 percent and 50 percent of patients after common surgical procedures such as groin hernia repair, breast and thoracic surgery, leg amputation and coronary artery bypass surgery, according to a review published in the May 13 issue of The Lancet. Surgeons can take steps to reduce the risk of persistent post-surgical pain, the authors say.

05/12/2006
One in Four U.S. Adults is Obese or a Smoker
Almost a quarter of U.S. adults are obese, nearly as many U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, and 4.7 percent run extra health risks by being both smokers and obese, according to a study published online May 12 in BMJ.

05/12/2006
Post-Stroke Ischemia Opens Hemichannels in Neurons
Researchers have discovered hemichannels in neurons that open in response to ischemia and may contribute to anoxic depolarization and neuronal cell death after stroke, according to a report in the May 12 issue of Science.

05/11/2006
FDA Approves New Smoking Cessation Drug
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Chantix, a smoking cessation drug made by Pfizer, Inc. The drug was given accelerated approval because its active ingredient, the new molecular entity varenicline tartrate, can help cigarette smokers kick the habit, according to an FDA statement.

05/11/2006
Delirium More Common with Acute Hip Surgery
Cognitive impairment is the strongest predictor of postoperative delirium in elderly hip-replacement patients, with those undergoing an acute procedure more likely to have delirium than elective patients, according to a Dutch study published in the May issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

05/10/2006
Health Insurance Premiums Higher in Smaller Firms
Health care premiums for employees in firms with one to nine workers are on average 18 percent higher than those paid by employees in companies with 1,000 or more staff, after adjusting for the quality of the benefits, according to a study published in the May/June issue of Health Affairs.

05/10/2006
Frivolous Claims Account for Small Fraction of Costs
The majority of resources involved in malpractice claims go toward resolving and paying those that involve errors, indicating it may be more cost-effective to streamline claims processing rather than discourage claims, according to a study in the May 11 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

05/09/2006
Pain Management Program Improves Pain Assessment
A pain management instrument that includes enhanced pain assessments and nursing staff updates improves some aspects of pain management in hospitalized adults, but not overall pain scores, according to one of the largest studies of its kind reported in the May 8 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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