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Professional Medical News from Leading Journals


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08/10/2006
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Affects Bariatric Surgery
In obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery, a low level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with an increased risk of post-surgical complications that include stroke, renal failure and death, according to research published in the August issue of Chest.

08/10/2006
Cigarette Smoke Saturates Brain Acetylcholine Receptors
Typical daily smokers show nearly complete saturation of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4β2 nAChR) in the brain throughout the day, according to a study in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

08/10/2006
One in Four U.S. Preschoolers Overweight or At Risk
The prevalence of being overweight or at risk for being overweight is rising in U.S. children and infants, according to the results of a 22-year analysis of preschoolers published in the July issue of Obesity.

08/10/2006
Advancing Age Linked to Rotator Cuff Tears
Increasing age is associated with the development of either partial or full-thickness rotator cuff tears, and patients who present with symptomatic unilateral rotator cuff disease often have bilateral disease, according to a study in the August issue of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.

08/10/2006
Nerve Root Block Helps Patients Avoid Back Surgery
Lumbar nerve root blocks can stave off surgery among patients with lumbar radiculopathy due to a herniated nucleus pulposus or spinal stenosis, according to the results of a five-year follow-up study published in the August issue of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.

08/09/2006
Exercise Is As Effective As Surgery for Jumper's Knee
In patients with patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee), open patellar tenotomy is no more effective than eccentric strength training, according to a study published in the August issue of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. The findings suggest that eccentric training should be tried before resorting to surgery.

08/09/2006
Inadequate Staffing Ups Infection Risk in NICU
Too few nurses or having nurses with too heavy a workload may increase the risk of bloodstream infections among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), according to a report in the August issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.

08/09/2006
Stretching is Effective for Plantar Fasciitis
A tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching protocol improves pain, function and satisfaction levels among patients with chronic proximal plantar fasciitis, according to the results of a study published in the August issue of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.

08/08/2006
Children on Antidepressants More Likely to Attempt Suicide
Children and teens, but not adults, who take antidepressants are more likely to attempt and complete suicide, concludes a new study in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

08/08/2006
Magnetic Brain Stimulation Enhances Peripheral Vision
Researchers have shown that magnetic stimulation of the brain in the visual cortex can stimulate activity in other remote but connected regions of the visual cortex and possibly enhance peripheral vision, according to a report in the Aug. 8 issue of Current Biology.

08/08/2006
Ring Vaccination Best Strategy for Smallpox Outbreak
The best strategy to control an outbreak of smallpox would be to quarantine affected individuals and immunize people they've had contact with, according to mathematical simulations of an outbreak in Great Britain published online Aug. 7 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

08/08/2006
Brain Study Shows Infants Can Detect Errors in Arithmetic
Infants tend to look longer at incorrect visual arithmetic problems and have brain activity similar to adults who detect math errors, suggesting the brain network responsible for error detection is present during infancy, according to a report published online Aug. 7 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

08/08/2006
Hookworm Infection Combated by Allergic Response
The population density of the hookworm in patients is controlled by an allergic response in the small intestine, which may be a novel biological dynamic, according to a study published in the August issue of Gastroenterology. Hookworm affects nearly 700 million people worldwide.

08/07/2006
Variations in Oligodendrocyte Gene Linked to Schizophrenia
Variations in the oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) gene, which encodes a transcription factor responsible for oligodendrocyte development, are associated with schizophrenia, according to a report published online August 4 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

08/07/2006
New Fathers Also at Risk for Postpartum Depression
Many new fathers join new mothers in experiencing postpartum depression, according to a report in the August issue of Pediatrics. The depression can affect both the health of the parent and interactions with their child.

08/07/2006
Ghrelin Vaccines Reduce Weight Gain in Rats
Researchers have developed a vaccine that can slow weight gain in rats by targeting ghrelin and decreasing feeding efficiency, according to a report published online Aug. 4 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

08/07/2006
Ketamine Infusion Can Relieve Depression in Two Hours
A single infusion of the anesthetic ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, can relieve the symptoms of treatment-resistant, major depression within two hours and the effect may last up to a week, according to the results of a randomized study published in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

08/04/2006
Low-Income Countries More Likely to Use Grants
Low-income countries that have less-developed health care systems but are politically stable are more likely to use grants from organizations such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria than higher-income countries, according to a report in the Aug. 5 issue of The Lancet.

08/04/2006
Female Life Scientists Less Likely to Hold Patents
Female life-science faculty members patent their work at about 40 percent of the rate of their male counterparts, but the gender gap is improving, according to a study published in the Aug. 4 edition of Science.

08/04/2006
Bone Marrow Lesions in the Knee Often Inherited
Bone marrow lesions in the knee have a significant genetic component and commonly coexist with chondral defects and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA), according to a study published online Aug. 3 in Arthritis Research & Therapy.

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