Pathology

Cervical Spine Injuries, Fractures and Whiplash - Disc Protrusions

Grading System for Disc Protrusions

Wolfgang Rauschning, M.D., Ph.D.
Research Professor, Clinical and Applied Anatomy and Pathology
Uppsala University Hospital
Uppsala, Sweden

Our grading system for disc protrusions
Our Grading System for disc protrusions is based on the assessment of the normal specimens and actual disc herniations.

Grade 0: straight contour of the posterior annulus fibrosus.

Grade 1: small annulus fibrosus protrusion.

Grade 2: medium–size annulus protrusion obliterating two thirds of the anterior epidural and subarachnoid spaces.

Grade 3: large disc protrusion dislocating the spinal cord posteriorly.

Grade 4: large disc protrusions compressing the spinal cord.

©2000 Wolfgang Rauschning, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Clinical Anatomy
Academic University Hospital
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Uppsala, Sweden
Reproduction without permission is prohibited
http://www.akademiska.se/
Last Updated: 05/15/2006
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