2002 Abstracts from the Scoliosis Research Society

**Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Insertion With and Without Computer Assistance - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in 100 Consecutive Patients

A Biomechanical Analysis of Load Sharing and Load Transfer in the Cervical Spine
T.R. Haher

A Biomechanical Assessment of Age Specific Donor Allograft Bone
Lisa A. Ferrara, M.S.

A Biomechanical Comparison of Facet Screw and Pedicle Screw Fixation
Lisa A. Ferrara, M.S.

A Comparison Between the Prone and Lateral Position for Performing a Thoracoscopic Anterior Release and Fusion for Pediatric Spinal Deformity
Daniel J. Sucato, MD, MS

A Comparison of Compressive and Rotational Stiffness in Facet Joint Screws Vs. Pedicle Screws in the Destabilized Lumbar Spine
T.R. Haher

A Finite Element Simulation of the Dynamic Burst Fracture Process
R. Wilcox

A Longitudinal Retrospective Study to Determine the Incidence and Risk of Progression of Spondylolisthesis in Children With Spina Bifida
Steven Mardjetko, M.D.

A Modelling Capacity of Vertebral Fractures Exist During Growth: An Up To 47 Years Follow-up
Magnus Karlsson

A Multi-Center Prospecitve Study of 737 Questionnaires Utilizing the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Instrument for the Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

A Prospective Evaluation of Diagnostic Modalities in Pediatric Back Pain
Nitin N. Bhatia, M.D.

Abdominal Aortic Injury due to Anterior Cement Extravasation from Percutaneous Kyphoplasty
Michael Kasten, M.D.

Abnormal Calcium Metabolism in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Warren T.K. Lee, Ph.D.

Abnormal Peri-Pubertal Growth in 582 Adolescent Girls with Idiopathic Scoliosis
S.P. Tang, M.D.

Abnormal Peripubertal Anthropometric Measurements and Growth Pattern in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis - A Study of 582 Patients
Catherine S.K. Cheung, M.Phil.

Abnormal Postural Balance and Gait in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis – Correlation with Somatosensory Cortical Evoked Potentials
Daniel HK Chow, Ph.D.

Accuracy and Efficacy of Thoracic Pedicle Screws in Curves Over 90 Degrees
Timothy R. Kuklo, MD, JD

Accurate Identification of Complications after Spine Surgery: Surgeon’s Records vs. Patient Reported Outcome Questionnaire
Charles C Edwards, III, M.D.

Acquired Atlantoaxial Instability in Pediatric Patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Athanasios I. Tsirikos, M.D.

Adjacent Segment Failure above Lumbosacral Fusions Instrumented to L1or L2
Michael L. Swank, M.D.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Radiographic Measurement Manual
Timothy R. Kuklo, MD, JD

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis: Comparison of Anterior Versus Posterior Instrumentation for Maintaining Correction

Adult Consequences of Neurofibromatosis Patients who had Spinal Fusion
Koki Uno, M.D.

An Analysis of Chest Wall and Diaphragm Motions in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Dynamic Breathing MRI
T. Kotani

An Analysis of Patient and Parent Assessment of Deformity in Idiopathic Scoliosis Using the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale
James O. Sanders

An Economic Analysis of BMP for Fusion
David W. Polly, Jr., MD

An In-Vitro Human Cadaveric Study Investigating the Biomechanical Properties of the Thoracic Spine

Analysis of Iliac Crest Bone Graft Process Measures
Aman Dhawan, M.D.

Analysis of Melatonin Transduction Pathway in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Alain Moreau, Ph.D.

Analysis of Retrieved Scoliosis Instrumentation
P.A. Cripton

Analysis of Sagittal Balance of the Spine During Various Standing Positions and Gait
Michelle Marks, P.T., M.A.

Annulotomy and Nuclectomy in Early Onset Scoliosis
V. Jasani

Anterior Concave Fusion with Tibial Strut Grafts for Severe Kyphoscoliotic Deformities
Bruno Fragnière, M.D.

Anterior Single Solid Rod Instrumentation in Thoracolumbar Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without the Use of Interbody Structural Support

Anterior Thoracoscopic Instrumentation: A Matched Comparison to Anterior Open and Posterior Open Instrumentation
Peter O. Newton, M.D.

Anterior Vertebral Body Screw Position Placed Thoracoscopically: A Function of Anatomy and Surgeon Experience
Hong Zhang, M.D.

Anterior-Posterior Combined Surgery for Post-Traumatic Kyphosis Due to Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture
Hak-Sun Kim, M.D.

Anterior-Posterior Surgery Versus Posterior Eggshell Decompression in Post-Traumatic Kyphosis with Neurologic Compromised Osteoporotic Fracture
Se Il Suk, M.D.

Assessment of Curve Flexibility in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
F.Erkal Bilen, M.D.

Attenuation of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) in Acute Spinal Cord Injury (ASCI) Treated with Intravenous Methylprednisolone (MP)
Andrew A. Merola, M.D.

Autologous Blood Transfusion for Spinal Deformity Surgery in Children less than 10 Years Old
Takuya Kimura, M.D.

Back Pain and Function 22 Years After Brace Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis- A Follow-Up with a Control Group of Straight Individuals
Aina J. Danielsson, M.D., Ph.D.

Back Pain and Function 23 Years After Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis- A Follow-up with a Control Group of Straight Individuals
Aina J. Danielsson, M.D., Ph.D.

Back Pain in Adolescents Using Backpacks
Mark A. Rieger, M.D.

Bioactive Bone Cement: The Solution for Osteolysis and Late Implant Loosening
James M. Eule, M.D.

Biomechanical Comparison of the Luque-Galveston and Colorado II Methods for Sacropelvic Fixation
Sean Early, M.D.

Biomechanical Effects of Pedicle Screw Configuration and Kyphotic Angulation in a Long-Segment Posterior Construct Utilizing a Synthetic Model

Biomechanical Effects of Posterior Lumbar Reconstruction on the Adjacent Segment
H. Sudo

Biomechanical, Radiographic, and Histological Healing Characteristics of Anterior Spinal Fusion in a Sheep Model
Masahiko Takahata, M.D.

Biomechanical, Radiographic, and Histological Healing Characteristics of Anterior Spinal Fusion in a Sheep Model
Masahiko Takahata, M.D.

Biomechanics of Pedicle Screw Augmentation with Polymethymethacrylate

Bone Graft Donor Site Pain
David W. Polly, Jr., MD

Can We Predict the Ultimate Lumbar Curve in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing a Selective Thoracic Fusion?
Matthew B. Dobbs, M.D.

Cardiac Screening in Congenital Scoliosis
Brad G. Prybis, M.D.

Center of Gravity (COG) in Scoliosis
Jack R. Engsberg, M.D.

Central and Juxta-Endplate Vertebral Body Screw Placement: A Biomechanical Analysis in a Human Cadaveric Model

Changes in Trunk Range of Motion (ROM) Following Anterior or Posterior Spinal Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Jack R. Engsberg, M.D.

Childbearing, Sexual Function and Limitations - Effect on Curve Size? Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Twenty Two Years After Treatment. Comparison with a Matching Control Group of Straight Individuals

Chip PLIF and Pedicle Screw Fixation in Spondylolisthesis
Surin Thanapipatsiri, M.D.

Combined Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery and Posterior Fusion in Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
S.N. Parikh

Comparison of Autograft vs. Demineralized Allograft in Anterior Thoracoscopically Instrumented "Scoliosis" Fusions - A Caprine Model**

Comparison of One-Stage Versus Two-Stage Anterior-Posterior Spinal Fusion in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Athanasios I. Tsirikos, M.D.

Comparison of Ossification Process on Transverse Plane of Spine in Experimental Scoliosis
A. Mochizuki

Comparison of SRS Questionnaire Results Submitted by Both Parents and Patients in the Operative Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
Anthony Rinella, M.D.

Complication Rates for Combined Anterior-Posterior Adult Deformity Surgery
T. Kent Ganocy, M.D.

Complications (Pseudarthrosis, Neurologic Deficit) of Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomies for Fixed Sagittal Imbalance
Keith Bridwell, MD

Complications Related to Perioperative Halo Traction in the Treatment of Severe Scoliosis
Anthony Rinella, M.D.

Concave Thoracoplasty (CTP) and Posterior Instrumentation for Correction of Rigid Thoracic Scoliosis: Results at 4-6 Years
Axel Hempfing, M.D.

Correction of Cervical Kyphosis Using Pedicle Screw Fixation Systems
Kuniyoshi Abumi, M.D.

Correlation Between Vertebral Height and Anthropometric Measurements in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Jack C. Y. Cheng, M.D.

Creation of an Experimental Idiopathic-Type Scoliosis in an Immature Goat Model Using a Flexible Posterior Asymmetric Tether
John T. Braun, M.D.

Curve Development and Bone Characteristics of a Mouse Model of Congenital Scoliosis
F.A. Farley

Curve Patterns in Chiari I Malformation and/or Syringomyelia
David A. Spiegel, M.D.

Dependency-Induced Increase in Intraocular Pressure: A Contributing Factor for Postoperative Visual Loss After Spinal Surgery
Jeffrey R Warman, M.D.

Direct Vertebral Rotation: A New Technique of 3-D Deformity Correction with Segmental Pedicle Screw Fixation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Se Il Suk, M.D.

Discrimination Validity of the Modified Scoliosis Research Society outcomes Instrument (SRS-22) in Adults with Scoliosis
Vedat Deviren, M.D.

Does Screw Size or Insertional Technique Matter in the Thoracic Spine?
Robert F. Heary, MD

Dual Rod Posterior Instrumentation Without Fusion for the Treatment of Progressive Early Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study**
Behrooz A. Akbarnia, MD

Dural Ectasia in the Marfan Spine: Symptoms and Treatment**

Dynamic Sagittal Imbalance of the Spine in Degenerative Flat Back: Significance of Pelvic Tilt in Surgical Treatment

Early Complications Associated with Endoscopic Anterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation and Their Treatment
Mark A. Rieger, M.D.

Early Post-Operative Changes in Pulmonary Function Following Anterior Thoracoscopic Instrumentation Versus Anterior Open Instrumentation for Scoliosis
Peter O. Newton, M.D.

Effect of Bracing on the Quality of Life of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Obinwanne Ugwonali, M.D.

Effect of Interbody Cage Geometry and Porosity in the Success of Interbody Spinal Fusion
Bryan W. Cunningham, M.Sc.

Effect of Nutrient Concentration and OP-1 on the Metabolism of Intervertebral Disc: In Vitro Organ Culture Study
Nicholas U. Ahn, M.D.

Efficacy of Antilordotic TLSO Braces to Reduce Spondylolisthesis in Adolescents: A Clinical Retrospective Study
Stefano Negrini, M.D.

Efficacy of OP-1 in a Challenging Multilevel Fusion Model**
M.J. Mermer

En-Bloc Resection and Instrumented Reconstruction of Primary Tumors and Solitary Metastasis of the Spine**
Henry F.H. Halm, M.D., Ph.D.

Endoscopic Instrumentation, Correction and Fusion of Thoracic Curves in Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis

Etiology of Spine Deformity: Progress Update
Paul Sponseller, MD

Experimental Scoliosis in an Immature Goat Model: A Method that Creates Idiopathic-Type Deformity Without Violation of the Spinal Elements Along the Curve

Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis in a Large Utah/Idaho Family
Virginia F. Casey, M.D.

Free Hand Pedicle Screw Placement in the Thoracic Spine: Is it Safe?
Y.J. Kim, M.D.

Fully-Tapped? Undertapped? Untapped? Does Pilot Hole Preparation Affect the Pullout Strength of Pedicle Screws Placed in Different Regions of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine?
Major Robert W. Molinari, M.D.

Functional and Radiographic Outcomes after Surgery for Adult Scoliosis Using Third Generation Instrumentation Techniques

Genetically Modified Human Derived Bone Marrow Cells for Postero-Lateral Lumbar Spine Fusion in Athymic Rats
Jeff Wang, M.D.

Genetically Modified Marrow Cells Enhances Spine Fusion
Kohei Goshi, M.D.

Hemivertebra Resection for Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Congenital Deformity

High-Risk Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures for Pseudarthrosis Causing Painful Elderly Kyphosis
Hiroshi Taneichi, M.D.

High-Risk Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures for Pseudarthrosis Causing Painful Elderly Kyphosis
Hiroshi Taneichi, M.D.

Identification and Analysis of Candidate Genes for Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis
Carol A. Wise, Ph.D.

Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated with Harrington Instrumentation - A Long-Term Follow-Up

IL-1b Sensitizes Human Annulus Cells to Shear Stress

Impairment of Perineal Care Functions After Extended Lumbar Fusion
B. Todd Bafus, MSIII

Improved Techniques to Determine Pedicle Screw Placement Using Computed Tomography
James M. Bee, M.D.

Incidence of Vascular Complications Associated with Anterior Thoracic Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
David H. Clements, M.D.

Incidence of Vascular Complications Associated with Anterior Thoracic Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
David H. Clements, M.D.

Intraoperative Normovolemic Hemodilution Combined with the Reinfusion of Scavanged Blood and Hypotensive Anesthesia Reduces the Need for Blood Transfusions after Spine Fusions
Michael K. Urban, M.D., Ph.D.

Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation Before, During, or After Posterior Spinal Fusion in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Suken A. Shah, M.D.

Is Interbody Fusion Mandatory? - From Long Term Results of Posterolateral Fusion For Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Kota Suda, M.D.

Is Interbody Fusion Mandatory? From Long Term Results of Posterolateral Fusion for Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Kota Suda, M.D.

Is Spine Surgery in Patients with Cerebral Palsy Regarded as Worthwhile?
John E. Lonstein, M.D.

Kyphoplasty and Cement Extravasation: Does Cement in the Disk Compromise the Outcome?
Michael P. Chapman, M.D.

Late Complications of Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis Primary Fusions to L4 and Above – The Effect of Age and Distal Fusion Level
Anthony Rinella, M.D.

Limitations of Anterior Instrumentation for Correction of Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Immature (Risser 0) Patient
Randal R. Betz, MD

Loading Characteristics of Femoral Ring Allografts in Anterior Lumbar Fusion
Ben P. Pradhan, M.D.

Long Fusion to the Sacrum in Adult Spinal Deformities: Outcome and Complications of Luque Galveston vs. Iliac Screws vs. Sacral Screws

Long Term Follow-Up of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Females Treated with the Wilmington Brace
Peter G. Gabos, M.D.

Long Term Follow-up of Luque Trolley Growing-Rod Construct in the Surgical Treatment of Early Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis
Dilip K. Sengupta, M.D.

Long-Term Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Subjects with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)
G. Grimard

Long-Term Results from In Situ Fusion for Congenital Scoliosis

Lumbar Disc Excisions in Children and Adolescents

Lumbar Spine Degeneration and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors (A 52-Year Prospective Study of 1337 Patients)

Management of Fixed Sagittal Deformity of the Spine: Clinical Results of Transpedicular Wedge Resection (Thomasen)

Mechanical Analysis of Insertion Depth and Insertion Angle on Pedicle Screw Strain
T.R. Haher

Mechanical Modulation Of Vertebral and Tibial Growth: Diurnal Versus Full-time Loading
D.D. Aronsson

Micro-Architectural Bone Adaptations in Scoliotic Spinal Facets
K.G. Shea

Minimally Invasive, Endoscopic, Internal Thoracoplasty for the Treatment of Scoliotic Rib Hump Deformity
Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD

Minimum Two-Year Analysis of Sacropelvic Fixation and L5/S1 Fusion Utilizing S1 and Iliac Screws

Morphological Changes of the Spinal Canal After Placement of Pedicle Screws in Newborn Pigs

Morphology and Progression of Congenital Scoliosis: An Analysis of Unilateral Unsegmented Bar and Abnormal Rib Alignment
Kazuhiro Hasegawa, M.D.

Mortality Following Major Spinal Deformity Corrective Surgery in Adults
David F. Antezana

MRI Analysis of the Position of the Aorta Relative to the Spine: A Comparison Between Normal Patients and Those with Idiopathic Right Thoracic Scoliosis
Daniel J. Sucato, MD, MS

Myelomenigocele Kyphectomy: Review of the Effects of Cordotomy on Urodynamics
Eric S. Wieser, M.D.

Neural Axis Abnormalities in Congenital Spine Deformity: Is a Screening MRI Necessary?
N. Kabirian Dehkordi, M.D.

Nighttime Bracing for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with the Providence Brace

Nitric Oxide Modulates RHBMP-2 Induced Corticocancellous Autograft Incorporation in Rat Intertransverse Fusion
Ashish D. Diwan, M.D., Ph.D.

Occult Intraspinal Anomalies in Association with An Isolated Congenital Hemivertebra: The Role of Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MAJ Philip J. Belmont, M.D.

Operative vs. Nonoperative Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Without Neurological Deficit: A Randomized, Prospective Study

Outcome of Combined Anterior - Posterior Arthrodesis for Painful Adult Lumbar and Thoraco-Lumbar Scoliosis

Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Severe Restrictive Lung Disease Following Reconstructive Spine Surgery
April N. Wazeka

Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Severe Restrictive Lung Disease Following Reconstructive Spine Surgery
April N. Wazeka

Over-the-ALA Fixation for Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Is the L5 Nerve Root at Risk?
R. Blasier

Pain Pattern in Patients with Scoliosis and Syringomyelia
Remzi A. Özerdemoglu, M.D.

Partial Reduction, Decompression and Posterior Lumbosacral Transfication in Treatment of High Grade Spondylolisthesis

Patient Base Outcomes: The SRS Instrument
J.D. Thomson

Pedicle Screw Fixation in Idiopathic Scoliosis: Does it Save Lumbar Motion Segments when Compared to Hooks?
David A. Podeszwa, M.D.

Perioperative Complications of Spinal Fusion for Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Randal R. Betz, MD

Perioperative Complications of Spinal Fusion for Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Randal R. Betz, MD

Physical and Radiographic Findings Correlate with SRS Instrument in Nonsurgical Idiopathic Scoliosis
Katsushi Takeshita, M.D.

Platelet Calmodulin Levels in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A Predictor of Curve Progression and Severity?

Polyaxial Pedicle Screws for the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis**
Dezsoe Jeszenszky

Posterior Hemivertebra Resection with Transpedicular Instrumentation Early Correction in One to Six Year old Children
Michael Ruf, M.D.

Posterior Instrumented Occipitocervical Fusion in Inflammatory Arthritis
Michael Goytan, M.D., F.R.C.S.C.

Posterior Interbody Fusion: A Comparison of Stand Alone Threaded Cages Vs. Allograft Spacers with Pedicle Screws
K. Rad Payman, M.D.

Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Comparison of Intertransverse Process Fusion With and Without Concomitant Interbody Fusion
K. Rad Payman, M.D.

Posterior/Anterior/Posterior Sequence in Reconstructive Spinal Surgery
Harry L. Shufflebarger, M.D.

Posterolateral Spinal Arthhrodesis using Osteogenic Protein-1: An In-Vivo Time-Course Study using a Canine Model*

Postoperative Analgesia Following Surgical Correction for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparison of Epidural Analgesia and PCA
Daniel J. Sucato, MD, MS

Predictive Values of De Novo Scoliosis in the Elderly - A Longitudinal Study of more than 10 Years

Predictors of Curve Progression in Spinal Deformity Associated with Hydromyelia and Chiari I Malformation
John M. Flynn, M.D.

Preop Gait Comparisons Between Adult Lumbar Scoliotics and those with Able Bodies

Preoperative and Postoperative CT Evaluation of Structures at Risk with ASF
Timothy R. Kuklo, MD, JD

Prevention of Crankshaft Phenomenon with Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation in Scoliosis of Immature Spine: Is it Possible?
Se Il Suk, M.D.

Probing for Thoracic Pedicle Screw Tract Violation(s): Is it Valid?
Ronald A. Lehman, Jr.

Prophylactic Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement in Adult Spinal Reconstruction
Stephen L. Ondra

Prospective Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Relative to the Surgical Approach: Minimum 5 Year Follow Up
Y.J. Kim, M.D.

Prospective Randomized Outcomes Comparing rhBMP-2 to Autograft with Cortical Bone Dowels in Lumbar Spine Fusions
J. Kenneth Burkus, M.D.

Provocative Testing of Segmental Artery Feed to the Anterior Spinal Cord Prior To Ligation With Transcranial Electric Motor Evoked Potentials**
Daniel M. Schwartz, PhD, DABNM

Proximal Segment Degeneration Following Posterior Lumbosacral Fusions (L4-S1 and L5-S1)
Nitin N. Bhatia, M.D.

Pseudarthrosis and Instrumentation Complications at Long-Term Follow-Up of Long Fusions to Sacrum
J. K. Weistroffer, M.D.

Pulmonary Embolism Following Major Spinal Deformity Corrective Surgery in Adults
David F. Antezana

Pulmonary Function in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 25 Years After Surgery or Start of Brace Treatment

Quality of Life and Back Pain: Outcome 16.7 Years After Harrington Instrumentation
Christian Goetz, M.D.

Racapping Laminoplastic Reconstruction After Excision of Intraspinal Canal Tumors
Jae Yoon Chung, M.D.

Radiographic Correction and Functional Outcomes After Spinal Osteotomy

Radiological Findings and Curve Progression Twenty Two Years After Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Comparison of Brace and Surgical Treatment and with a Matching Control Group of Straight Individuals

Relationship Between Radiographic Parameters and Clinical Manifestations in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis
Hibiki Ebihara, M.D.

Reliability and Reproducibility of Lenke's New Classification System for Idiopathic Scoliosis
Michael Ogon, M.D.

Reliability and Validity of a Spine Deformity Radiographic Scoring System
L.P. D’Andrea, M.D.

Reliability of Radiographic Parameters for Scoliosis Evaluation
David W. Polly, Jr., MD

Residual Lower Extremity Pain after Decompression and Posterolateral Fusion for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis is often Related to Bone Graft Harvest
Nicholas U. Ahn, M.D.

Resting Energy Expenditure and Respiratory Quotient in Adolescents Following Spinal Surgery
Ron L. Ferguson, M.D.

Results of One Stage Thoracoscopic Spinal Release and Posterior Osteotomies for Correction of Kyphotic Deformity in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Heinrich Boehm

RhBMP-4 Proactivated Porous Ceramic in Posterior Spinal Fusion

Risk Factors of Postoperative Deep Wound Infections in Spinal Instrumentation, Analysis of 869 Cases
Cem Ozan Ardic

S1 Screw Bending Moment with Posterior Spinal Instrumentation Across the Lumbosacral Junction After Unilateral Iliac Crest Harvest

Sacral Obliquity, A Poorly Understood Congenital Anomaly
Courtney Brown, MD

Safety of Pedicle Screw Placement for Spinal Deformity at a Pediatric Orthopaedic Center

Safety of Posterior Instrumentation in Congenital Scoliosis: A Long–Term Follow-Up
N. Kabirian Dehkordi, M.D.

Sagittal Alignment: Clue to the Presence of a Syringomyelia in Scoliosis
Jean A. Ouellet, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C)

Sagittal Trajectory Variation to Salvage Failed Thoracic Pedicle Screws: A Biomechanical Analysis
Ronald A. Lehman, Jr.

Scoliosis Research Society-22 Patient Questionnaire Responsiveness to Change Associated with Surgical Treatment: An Update with 24-month Follow-Up
Marc Asher, M.D.

Selective Anterior or Posterior Thoracic Fusions in Lenke 1 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Lumbar Curves Greater than Forty Degrees
James M. Eule, M.D.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Plain Radiographs and CT in Assessing Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement
D. Brooks

Severe Infantile Scoliosis Treated with Repetitive Distractions Followed by Definitive Arthrodesis
Carlos Alberto Tello, M.D.

Short Segment Anterior Fusion with Cages in Thoracolumbar Scoliosis
Maurice Albright, M.D.

Short Segment Bone-on-Bone Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Robert W. Gaines, Jr., M.D.

Significant Ventilatory Functional Restriction in Adolescents with Mild or Moderate Scoliosis During Maximal Exercise Toleramce Test
C. Barrios, M.D.

Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Wound Complications After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Nicholas U. Ahn, M.D.

Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Wound Complications After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Nicholas U. Ahn, M.D.

Spinal Realignment in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy Using the Unit Rod Instrumentation
Athanasios I. Tsirikos, M.D.

Spontaneous Proximal Thoracic Curve Correction Following Selective Fusion of the Main Thoracic Curve in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Staged Posterior Surgery for Severe Adult Deformity
John M. Rhee, M.D.

Straight-Forward Versus Anatomic Trajectory of Thoracic Pedicle Screws: A Biomechanical Analysis
Ronald A. Lehman, Jr.

String Test Measurement to Assess the Effect of Spinal Deformity Correction on Spinal Cord Length

Submuscular Isola Rod With and Without Limited Apical Fusion in the Management of Severe Spinal Deformities in Young Children

Surgical Anatomy of the Thoracic Pedicle
Robert F. Heary, MD

Surgical Outcomes of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients in the State of California: An Exploration of Practice Patterns
Mark A. Vitale, M.P.H.

Surgical Treatment Of L4/L5 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis - An Outcome Analysis**
Paul M. Keller, MD

Surgical Treatment of Osteoporotic Spine Fracture with Neurological Deficits-Posterolateral Decompression and Posterior Reconstruction
Ki-Tack Kim, M.D.

Survey of the Cervical Spine in a Population of Adults with Down Syndrome
Steven Mardjetko, M.D.

Survival Analysis of the First Weaned Patients Treated with the SpineCor Brace
Charles H. Rivard, M.D.

Technique of Anterior Vertebral Osteotomy Designed to Preserve Lumbar Motion and Correct Idiopathic Lumbar Scoliosis

The Accuracy of Transpedicular Thoracic Screw Placement in Vivo

The Application of Transcranial Electric Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring as an Early Indicator of Emerging Thoracic Spinal Cord Ischemic Injury**
Daniel M. Schwartz, PhD, DABNM

The Biomechanical Advantage of Adding a Single Pair of Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screws to Luque-Galveston Construct Stability
Sean Early, M.D.

The Correction of Sagittal Plane Spinal Deformities in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Kirk W. Dabney, M.D.

The Costs of Spine Deformity Surgery in Children
Desmond Brown, M.D.

The Course of Non-Surgical Management of Burst Fractures with Intact Posterior Ligamanteous Complex (PLC): An MRI Study
Ahmet Alanay, M.D.

The Effect of Amicar on Perioperative Blood Loss in Idiopathic Scoliosis: Report of a Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Study
George H. Thompson, M.D.

The Effect of Opening-Wedge Expansion Thoracostomy on Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using CT Scans and Voxel Holography to Determine Changes in Lung Volumes
John T. Smith, M.D.

The Effect of Tapping Versus Undertapping Before Placement of Thoracic Pedicle Screws: A Biomechanical Analysis
Timothy R. Kuklo, MD, JD

The Effect of Transpedicular Intracorporal Grafting in the Treatment Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures on Canal Remodeling

The Effects of Hook Pattern and Angle of Kyphosis Upon Mechanical Strength and Apical Rod Strain in a Long-Segment Posterior Construct Utilizing a Synthetic Model

The Effects of Washers and Staples on Anterior Spinal Instrumentation Stability: Can Plowing be Prevented? A Cadaveric Model
T.R. Haher

The Efficacy of Concave Rib Osteotomies in the Treatment of Idiopathic Thoracic Scoliosis
J.I. Kessler, M.D.

The Efficacy of Convex Hemiepiphysiodesis in Patients with Iatrogenic Posterior Element Deficiency due to Diastematomyelia Excision
A. Uzumcugil, M.D.

The Efficacy of the use of Alendronate in the Treatment of OIM/OIM Mice: Effects on Spinal Parameters**
C.L. Raggio

The Efficacy of Three Different Commercially Available Demineralized Bone Matrices for Inducing an Intertransverse Spinal Fusion in a Rat Model
Peter G. Whang, M.D.

The Heritability of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Large Utah Families
Virginia F. Casey, M.D.

The Natural History of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis: 45-Year Follow-Up

The Place for Pedicle Screws in Scoliosis Surgery: A Two Year Follow-Up

The Relationship of BMI (Body Mass Index) and Sagittal Spinal Profile
Harwant Singh, M.D.,. Ph.D.

The Results and Complications of Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomies for the Treatment of Fixed Sagittal Imbalance

The Results of Selective Anterior Thoracic Fusion for King II / Lenke Type CL Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

The Rib Epiphysis and Other Growth Centers as an Indicator of Spinal Growth

The Sagittal Alignment of the Cervical Spine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Takuya Kimura, M.D.

The Three Dimensional Evolution of Scoliotic Curvature During Instrumentation without Fusion in Immature Patients

The Treatment of Kyphotic Deformity Using Kyphoplasty for Vertebral Compression Fractures

The Treatment of Large (>70°) Thoracic Curves in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis with Posterior Instrumentation and Arthrodesis: When is Anterior Release Indicated?
Douglas Burton, M.D.

The Treatment of Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Associated with Fused Ribs and Scoliosis

The Use of Three-Dimensional (3-D) Computed Tomography (CT) in Preoperative Planning for Hemivertebra Excision
Daniel J. Hedequist, M.D.

The Utility of SSEP Monitoring During Cervical Spine Surgery: How Often Does it Prompt Intervention and Affect Outcome
Michael Roh, M.D.

Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Associated with Falls and Lumbar Stenosis, Treated with Kyphoplasty
Charles H. Wingo, M.D.

Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement Using the Outside-In Technique: An Analysis Of Screw Placement Using Anatomic Landmarks Without Image Guidance
Michael J Elliott, M.D.

Thoracic Pedicle vs Pedicle/Rib Screw Fixation

Thoracic Pedicles Morphometry in Vertebrae from Scoliotic Spines
Stefan Parent, M.D., Ph.D.

Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Kyphectomy in Patients with Myelomeningocele Treated with a New Plate Fixation (Cardoso Plate).
Alfredo Cardoso, M.D.

Thoracolumbar Deformity Arthrodesis to L5 in Adult Scoliotics: The Fate of the L5-S1 Disk: Is it Protected by a Deep-Seated L5?
Charles C Edwards, III, M.D.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Software of the Mean Curve of a Scoliotic Spine: Automation of Lenke’s Classification.
Berthonnaud Eric, Ph.D.

Time Dependent Response of the Unfused Lumbar Curve After Selective Thoracic Fusion for AIS: 2 -16 Year Radiographic and Clinical Follow-Up
Charles C Edwards, III, M.D.

Transpedicular Lumbar Interbody Fusion by Means of an OP-1 (BMP-7) Enhanced Hydroxyapatite Cement: A Study in the Sheep Spine**
T. R. Blattert

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Combinations
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Figure 1 a-b
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Figures 3 a-f
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Figures 4 a-e
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Fusion
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Illustrations
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Low Back Pain
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Lumbar Disc Hernations, Primarily Radicular Pain
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Non Operative Treatment
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Surgical
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Techniques
Thomas G. Lowe, M.D.

Treatment of Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis with Anterior Debridement and Fusion Followed by Delayed Posterior Stabilization and Fusion
John R. Dimar II, M.D.

Treatment Recommendations for Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Assessment of the Lenke Classification
Rolando M. Puno

Triggered Electromyographic Threshold for Accuracy of Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement in a Porcine Model

Triple Major Curves in Children
Merv Letts, M.D.

Trunk Deformity Correction Stability Following Posterior Instrumentation for Idiopathic Scoliosis
Marc Asher, M.D.

Ultrasound as a Guide for Intrapedicular Screw Placement**
Harwant Singh, M.D.,. Ph.D.

Use of Amicar vs. Aprotinin During Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery: Can they Help Decrease Blood Loss?
Jennifer Cole, M.D.

Use of Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Autologous Growth Factors in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion for Correction of Scoliosis
Michael T. Rohmiller, M.D.

Validation of the Modified Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Instrument (SRS-22) for Adult Deformity
Sigurd H. Berven, M.D.

Validation of Triggered EMGs by CT Scan for Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement
Timothy R. Kuklo, MD, JD

Video-Assisted Mini-Open Approach for Insertion of Anterior Thoracic Instrumentation in AIS
David H. Clements, M.D.

Warning Criteria for Intraoperative Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring Data: Experience with 3783 Cases

X-Ray and Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Single Solid-Rod Instrumentation in Thoracolumbar & Lumbar AIS
L.E. Roble