Index of Devices>surgical>low back>

A Comparison of Microdiscectomy to Microendoscopic Discectomy
The increasing use of alternative methods for disc decompression demands a critical review and comparison to the standard technique.

A Different Approach to Posterior Spinal Instrumentation
The posterior lumbar spinal paramedian approach has had similar or better results than the conventional approach with easier exposure, less tissue damage, decreased morbidity, and less blood loss.

A Preliminary Report on the FRA Spacer: Uniform Allograft for Anterior Interbody Fusion of the Lumbar Spine
A preliminary report on the FRA spacer: uniform allograft for anterior interbody fusion of the lumbar spine.

A Prospective Study of Calcium Sulfate Pellets as Bone Graft Extenders in Lumbar Posterolateral Arthrodesis
A prospective study of calcium sulfate pellets as bone graft extenders in lumbar posterolateral arthrodesis.

A Randomized, Prospective, Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial of Epidural Analgesia During Lumbar Discectomy
Study of epidural analgesia during lumbar discectomy

An Introduction to Laparoscopic Anterior Interbody Techniques of the Lumbar Spine For Healthcare Professionals
Laparoscopic Anterior Interbody Techniques for the Lumbar Spine

An Introduction to Open Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF); Indications, Approaches, Techniques, and Nursing Care
An introduction to open anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF).

Ankylosing Spondylitis - Deformity Management Continued
More on management of the procedures for treating ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: Deformity Management
Management of the procedures for treating ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: Figure 6 - 11
Figures 6 to 11 for this article.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: Figures 1-5
Figures 1 to 5 for this article.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: References
A brief summary and references for this article.

Anterior Discectomy and Fusion With BAK: The First 225 Patients
A study on anterior discectomy and fusion with the BAK technique: the first 225 patients.

Anterior Interbody Fusion Device: References
References.

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Utilizing The AO Titanium Interbody Spacer (TIS)
The AO Titanium Interbody Spacer (TIS) is a custom device consisting of a titanium and a center filled with processed sea coral (Pro Osteon 500 with a similar microstructure to cancellous bone).

Anterior Lumbar lnterbody Fusion Utilizing Titanium Mesh Cages and Coralline Hydroxyapatite
Screw-in cages have opened to a rave review but have not yet stood the test of time.

Biomechanical Comparison of Anterior versus Transverse Threaded Fusion Cages
Biomechanical Comparison of Anterior versus Transverse Threaded Fusion Cages.

Biomechanics: Lumbosacral Fusion
The greatest strength of the vertebral body is present in the subchondral bone of the cortical endplate.

Clinical Series of Spondylolisthesis Reductions
The outcomes of a clinical series of spondylolisthesis reductions utilizing the SOCON Spondylolisthesis Reduction System.

Clinical Studies: Lumbosacral Fusion
Many authors have reported excellent results with the use of threaded cylindrical devices for anterior lumber interbody fusion.

Comparison of Clinical Outcome: Posterolateral Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation and Cage Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation in Adult Spondylolisthesis
We compare the clinical and radiological results between pedicle screw fixation with posterolateral fusion and pedicle screw fixationwith cage posterolateral interbody fusion in adult spondylolithesis.

Comparison of Clinical Outcome: Posterolateral Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation and Cage Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation in Adult Spondylolithesis
Posterolateral Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation and Cage Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Screw Fixation in Adult Spondylolithesis Comparison of Clinical Outcome

Comparison of Instrumented Anterior And Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusions With Posterolateral Lumbar Fusions Using Pedicle Fixation For Management of Mechanical Back Pain
Abstract - Comparison of Instrumented Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusions With Posterolateral Lumbar Fusions Using Pedicle Fixation For Management of Mechanical Back Pain.

Complications: Lumbosacral Fusion
The majority of complications associated with cylindrical anterior interbody fusion devices are a result of the operative approach, as opposed to specific device-related problems.

Design Rationale and Preclinical Testing of an Anterior Interbody Fusion Device
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a surgical technique used to treat a variety of spinal disorders.

Development and Testing of a Novel Cortical Allograft Wedge for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Abstract - Development and Testing of a Novel Cortical Allograft Wedge for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Discography in Failed Back Syndrome
The benefits of discography in failed back syndrome. An article for professional use.

Discussion: Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: Reduction vs. In-Situ Fusion?
A discussion of the SOCON Spondylolisthesis Reduction System.

EBI Ionic Vertebral Body Replacement System
The criteria behind the evolution of a new vertebral body replacement device.

Endoscopic Intertransverse Lumbar Fusion
To assess the feasibility of a new endoscopic technique for intertransverse lumbar fusion using human cadavers.

Evaluation of Neural Tension at the Time of Spondylolisthesis Reduction
An illustrated discussion of the evaluation of neural tension by means of cadaveric study.

Fusion Devices and Techniques
A discussion about current anterior interbody fusion devices.

Fusion Versus Disc Replacement for Discogenic Pain
The ultimate treatment for symptomatic disc degeneration should be disc arthroplasty instead of arthrodesis.

Fusion vs Disc Replacement for Discogenic Pain: Part 2
The unique demands on spine arthroplasty implants necessitate that the intervertebral disc is not a true joint and serves a double function of mobility and damping with load repartition properties.

Fusion vs Disc Replacement for Discogenic Pain: Part 3
We are at the beginning of another period of technology explosion in the field of spine surgery, which can be compared to the "Charnley era" in the development of hip arthroplasty.

IDET and PED: Benefits of Combination Treatment
A study on the benefits of IDET and PED combination treatment.

Imaging: Lumbosacral Fusion
Current imaging techniques are suboptimal in evaluating spinal interbody fusion.

Impacted PLIF: Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Machined, Pre-Sized Allograft
Impacted PLIF: Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Machined Pre-Sized Allograft.

In Vitro Evaluation of Self-Centering Pedicle Screws Using Computer-Aided Surgery Techniques
In-vitro evaluation of self-centering pedicle screws

Instrumented Fusion in the Management of Post-Laminectomy Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
A retrospective review designed to assess the outcome of repeat decompression and instrumented fusion for post–laminectomy lumbar spinal stenosis.

Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: Reduction vs. In-Situ Fusion?
Isthmic spondylolisthesis is an extremely common cause of lumbar symptomatology and remains one of the most common indications for lumbar reconstruction.

Laparoscopic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Note
A case study from Emory University on the use of anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

lnterbody Fusion for Disc Disease Following Discectomy
Axial pain often follows lumbar discectomy.

Long-term Efficacy of GRAF Soft Fixation and PLIF with Cages in Multiple Spondylotic Stenosis in Lumbar Spine
A study on the long-term efficacy of GRAF soft fixation and PLIF with cages in multiple spondylotic stenosis in the lumbar spine.

Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices: A Comparative Study
Preliminary report on a prospective randomized concurrently on-going IDE study comparing the clinical outcomes of several metal cage fixation devices.

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and Stenosis Treated with Interbody Fusion Cages: A Five Year Experience
A study on lumbar spondylolisthesis and stenosis treated with interbody fusion cages: a five year experience.

Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Anatomy and Pathology - S3, S4
Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Anatomy and Pathology. View the axial section through the right sacroiliac (SI) joint and the lesser pelvis at the level of S3-S4.

Lumbosacral Fixation Techniques and Indications
Indications for a fusion to the sacrum in primary patients include lumbar curves with substantial disc degeneration.

Lumbosacral Fusion: Cages, Dowels and Pedicle Screws
Spinal fusion has become a widely used option in the treatment of degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine.

Microscopic Anterior Lumbar lnterbody Fusion for Lumbar Radiculopathy
Patients with radiculopathy who are also candidates for fusion have been commonly treated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion usually with pedicle screw instrumentation.

Microsurgical Decompression of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Two Methods
Information on the two methods of microsurgical decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Midline Sparing Bilateral PLIF with Single Side Plate/Contralateral Cage Stabilization
Midline Sparing Bilateral PLIF with Single Side Plate/Contralateral Cage Stabilization.

Minimally Invasive 360 Degree Instrumented Lumbar Fusion
A report on a gasless, retroperitoneal approach to lumbar interbody fusion combined with minimally invasive, posterior translaminar fixation and posterolateral fusion.

Outcomes Assessment in Military Patients After Ultrarigid Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Information on the outcomes assesment in military patients after ultrarigid lumbar spinal fusion.

Outcomes in Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Interbody Spacer
A posterior lumbar interbody (PLIF) spacer is a contoured, wedge-shaped cortical allograft that comes in five anterior heights.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Anatomy and Biomechanics of Interbody Fusion
Interbody fusions provide the most logical solution to diseases of the spine's intervertebral discs.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Biological Fusion Cages
The aim is to provide mechanical support to the segment being fused with biocompatible implant material and to allow the use of autogenous bone to promote spinal fusion.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Conclusion and References
The preparaion and machining of allograft bone allows it to be used and to function similarly to other metal mechanical spacers.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Discussion
A number of studies have examined the outcome of interbody fusions. It should be realized that there are many types of spinal surgical techniques and healing processes.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: History
Spinal fusion can be accomplished by various techniques such as posterior and/or anterior procedures with and without internal fixation.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in ALIF and PLIF: Outcomes
Outcome discussion of a total of 179 FRA Cages utilized for anterior spinal reconstruction in 137 patients from March 1998 to July 2000.

Outcomes of Allogenic Cages in Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
This article provides a review of two newly developed biological cages; the femoral ring allograft (FRA) space and the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) spacer.

Patient Selection: Lumbosacral Fusion
Appropriate patient selection is critical to the clinical success of anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Percutaneous Polymethylmethacrylate Vertebroplasty In the Treatment of Osteoporotic Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures: Early Outcome of 159 Patients
The authors tried to prospectively elucidate the effects of this method on the clinical outcome in osteoporotic VCF.

PLIF with Allograft Bone: Preliminary Results Comparing Cylindrical Dowels and Impacted Wedges
To compare preliminary outcome data and complications with the use of allograft cylinders and impacted wedges.

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
The treatment of low back pain has undergone a revolution in the last twenty years. Newer techniques and better instrumentation systems have allowed spine, surgeons to do today what previously was impossible.

Preclinical Study Results: An Anterior Interbody Fusion Device
Radiographic results from the preclinical studies of the Ionic Fusion Device.

Preliminary Followup of Impacted Posterior Lumbar lnterbody Fusion (PLIF)
The authors review a series of patients treated with impacted PLIF'S.

Provocative Annulography for the Diagnosis of Outer Annular Lesions
Information on provocative annulography for the diagnosis of outer annular lesions.

References: 1 - 50 Lumbosacral Fusion
References 1 through 50 for Rick Sasso, M.D.'s article Lumbosacral Fusion: Cages, Dowels and Pedicle Screws.

References: 51 through 102
References 51 through 102 for Dr. Rick Sasso's article Lumbosacral Fusion: Cages, Dowels and Pedicle Screws.

Retroperitoneal Approach for Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Combined Anteroposterior Lumbar Fusion
The retroperitoneal approach for anterior lumbar interbody fusion and combined anteroposterior lumbar fusion.

Revision: Lumbosacral Fusion
An advantage of threaded bone dowels over titanium cages is the fact that they are much easier to revise.

Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Abstract - Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Segmental Stability and Compressive Strength of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Implants
In this study, the initial stability and compressive strength of a machined allograft spacer was compared to that of threaded and non-threaded metal cages in posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Spinal Disc Replacement: The Development of Artificial Discs
Spinal Disc Replacement and the Development of Artificial Discs. This bibliographed article reviews the contending disc technologies from the perspective of Vincent Traynelis, M.D. and Reg Haid, M.D.

Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Deformity in Ankylosing Spondylitis - References Continued
More references for this article.

Surgical Treatment of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Most surgeons utilize pedicular fixation where arthrodesis of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis is undertaken.

The Increase in Spinal Canal Area After Inverse Laminoplasty
A study on the increase in spinal canal area after inverse laminoplasty.

The Use of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring During Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusions
Lumbar interbody fusion has become an increasingly utilized treatment for discogenic back pain and spinal instability.

Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine - Figures 2 a-e
Figures 2a-e of article entitled - Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine.

Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures
Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty offer treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures.

Use of Titanium Mesh and Vertebral Autograft in the Reconstruction of Anterior Spinal Column
A study on the use of titanium mesh and vertebral autograft in the reconstruction of the anterior spinal column.

Volumes of Degenerated Lumbar Intervertebral Disks Determined From Volumetric Image Analysis
A study on the volumes of degenerated lumbar intervertebral disks determined from volumetric image analysis.