ASSOCIATION OF BACK PAIN AND SCOLIOSIS WITH CARRYING A BACKPACK IN 1,020 CHILDREN

David L. Skaggs,
Phyllis D'Ambra,
Sean Early,
Vernon T. Tolo
Childrens Hospital Los Angeles USA

INTRODUCTION:
An association between the use of backpacks and back pain as well as scoliosis in children has attracted significant attention, but little scientific study.

METHODS:
One thousand and twenty one children between the ages of 11 and 14 years were screened for scoliosis, filled out questionnaires, and weighed along with backpacks.

RESULTS:
Of children who regularly carry a backpack 38% reported back pain compared to 20% of children who did not carry a backpack (p=0.024). Heavier backpacks were significantly associated with back pain (p=0.017). Children who carried the backpack with only 1 strap were more likely to report back pain than children who used 2 straps were (p=0.003). Of the children with back pain: 30 % report their activities are limited by their back pain and 8% take medication for back pain and 70% believed that carrying a backpack causes their back pain or makes it worse. Screening positive for scoliosis was not related to back pain (p=0.749), weight of backpack (p=0.349), or number of straps used (p=0.589).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of backpacks is associated with back pain in children but not associated with screening positive for scoliosis. While causation can not be determined from this study, 70% of children believe carrying a backpack contributes to their back pain. The back pain is not insignificant as 30% of children report that their activities are limited due to back paid. Carrying a backpack with 2 shoulder straps, and carrying a lighter backpack is associated with a lower rate of back pain.